The “Instrumental Analysis II” course is designed to help students develop theoretical competency in using spectroscopic techniques for analytical purposes. The course familiarizes the students with the theoretical background of the principles of spectroscopic instruments like atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), optical/atomic emission spectroscopy (OES/AES), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and hyphenated techniques. The course also addresses the instrumentation and working principles of the various techniques and their application in  toxicology, environmental science, pharmaceuticals, quality control, chemical industry, clinical chemistry, medicine, etc.